High-speed governor for steam-turbines.



HIGH

PATBNTBD 00T. 1o, 1905. G.V. KERR.

SPEED GOVERNOR. FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1905.

2 SHEETS-"SHEET 1.

jcgl.

No. 801,322, PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905.

C. V. KEER. HIGH SPEED GOVERNUR EUR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.14, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

CHARLES V. KERR,AOF VVELLSVILLE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO KERR TURBINECOMPANY, OF VELLSVILLE,

TION OF NEW YORK.

NEWv YORK, A CORPORA- HlGH-SPEED GOVERNOR FOR STEAM-TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 10, 1905.

Application filed January 14, 1905. Serial No. 240,977-

'10 @H w/tom t may concern:

Be it known thatI, CHARLES V. KERR, acitizen of the UnitedStates,residing at lVellsville, in the county of Allegany and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHigh-Speed Governors for Steam-Turbines, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to automatic governing mechanism for engines, andmore especially7 to those intended for use with elasticfluid turbines,as shown, for example, in my application filed October 10, 1904, SerialNo. 227,804.

The objects of my invention are, first, to construct an automaticgovernor for elasticfluid turbines in which the running parts are inperfect balance; second, to pivot and arrange the bearings of thecentrifugal weights forming a part of the governor so as to secure greatdurability of the mechanism and at the same time freedom from stickingwhile in operation; third, to construct and arrange the parts of thegoverning mechanism and its means for attaching to the turbine-casing sothat the turbine may be readily assembled or dismounted by stripping theparts over the shaft and the governor may be slipped off the shaftwithout the necessity of separating' or dismounting the same; fourth, toconstruct the motive-fluid or steam end casting of the turbine, thegovernor mechanism and its inclosing casing so that the motive-fluidconnections may be made at either side or at the bottom of the endcasting; fifth, other evident advantages of construction and relation ofparts comprising the mechanism whereby a governor is provided which willmaintain the speed of amotor constant within certain predeterminedlimits and over a wide range of the load.

The invention consists of features of construction and relation ofelements, which will be hereinafter more particularly described, andpointed out in the appended claims.

ln the accompanying two sheets of drawings, in which similar referencecharacters indicate the same parts in the several-views, Figure 1 is asectional View of my improved governor with only a portion of theturbine to show the arrangement of securing the same to the motive-fluidend of the casing. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the governormechanism, showing the end of the turbine-shaft and means of securing'the governor to the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional View on line3 3 of Fig. 2 with the governorweights in the position as indicated inFig. 1. Fig. 4A is a sectional View on line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is atransverse sectional View about the middle of its length of the sleevesurrounding the outer end of the rotary shaft.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, 1 1represent the wheels, and 2 2are the buckets on the periphery of the wheels of a turbine.

3 is a rotary shaft passing centrally through the engine-casing, towhich the several wheels 1 1 are suitably secured.

4 4 are separable sections of the enginecasing, which are fitted to eachother by tongue-and-groove joints.

5 indicates one of the partitions which separates one wheel-chamber fromthe neXt.

6 is any suitable bushing or packing gland about the shaft and seated inthe central shaft-opening of the partition 5.

7 7 are nozzles which inject the motive fluid against the buckets 2 onwheels 1.

8 is the usual lagging covering the enginecasing and which is protectedby a sheetmetal housing 9. 10 is a casting containing the motive-fluidchest 11, which is connected with the first set of nozzles 7'.

12 and 12 are suitable bushings or packingglands interposed between thecentral shaftopening in the end casting 10 and the shaft 3 in order toform a fluid-tight packing and a,

bearing for the rotary shaft.

The features so far described form no part of my present invention, asthey may be readily changed or modified in many ways or any otherexisting forms of motive-fluid turbines could be substituted therefor.

The section of the rotary shaft 3, which extends out through the endcasting 10, is provided at its end with a central or axial socket 13,preferably tapering or smaller at its bottom. (See Fig. 2.)

14 is an extension or reduced portion of the socket 13, the function ofwhich will be hereinafter more clearly described.

15 is a rod or plug of the same shape and carrying diameter as thesocket 13 and which v one end with a reduced end 16, which fits in thesmaller or inner portion 14 of the socket 13. The other end of plug orrod 15 is provided with an enlargement 17, which is provided with an endthreaded section 18 and a separated threaded section 19, adjacent to the`end of the shaft 3.

2O is a diametrical opening in the shaft3 at a point corresponding tothe middle section of the reduced extension 14 of the pocket 13.

21 is an opening in the reduced end 16, corresponding to the opening 2Oin the shaft.

22 is a retaining-pin which may be tapered, if so desired. Said pinpasses into the openings 2O and 21 and engages the reduced end 16,thereby firmly holding the rod or plug in the socket 13 of the shaft 3and at the same time causing it to rotate therewith when the turbine isin operation.

Encircling the outer end of the shaft 3 is a sleeve 23, which engages atits outer end by internal screw-threads 24 the threaded section 19 ofthe plug or rod 15. The other or inner end of the sleeve 23 is providedwith a threaded end section 25, which is engaged by an adjustablescrew-collar 26 and a lock-nut 27, the function of which will behereinafter described.

28 indicates radial longitudinal slots in the sleeve 23 for the purposeof permitting the insertion and withdrawal of the retaining or lockingpin 22 in the openings 2O and 21 of the shaft 3 and plug end 16,respectively. (See Figs. 2 and 5.)

29 is a cup-shaped piece which is provided with suitable internalthreads 30, which engage the threaded end section 18 of the plug or rod15.

31 is a circular flange or shoulder on the inner side and near the outeredge of the cup 29.

32 is a collar which is slipped over the outer end or enlargement 17 ofthe plug 15. Said collar 32 is provided with an inner annular flange 33and a similar outer liange 34, which form a large and a small cup-shapedsection with a common annular portion 35, which is slidably supported onsaid enlargement 17.

Surrounding the outer periphery of the sleeve 23 and interposed betweenthe screwcollar 26 and the inner end of the collar 32 is a coil-spring36, the function of which will be hereinafter described.

37 37 are centrifugal weights which are semicircular in transversesection and provided at one end with an extension 38, which engages thecircular liange or shoulder 31 of the cup 29 and outer curved edges 39,which bear against the outer side of the flange 33 on the opposite sidesof the collar 32.

40 is a hole bored centrally and axially in the enlargement 17 and theouter section 18 of the plug l5. (See Figs. 2 and 3.)

41 is a radial slot in the enlargement 17 and extending almost itsentire length.

42 is a spindle loosely inserted in said hole 40. Near the inner end ofthe spindle is provided a circular opening 43, through which and theslot 41 is passed a pin 44, with its ends bearing against the outer sideof the annular portion 35 and inner side of the outer flange 34 ofcollar 32.

From the foregoing description of the construction and arrangement ofthe parts comprising the governor it will be seen that when the shaft 3is rotated all the parts so far described as being attached to the endof the shaft and the plug or rod 15 will be made to rotate therewith.

rlhe outer end of the spindle 42 bears in a suitable governor-pivot 45,which consists of a properly-shaped casting having two side l lugs 4646, which are engaged by openings in the ends of the governor-levers 4747, said levers being held in position on said lugs by any suitablemeans-gas, for example, screws 48 48, as shown.

49 is an oil or grease cup having a suitable cover and provided with aduct 50, leading to the end of the spindle 42 in the bearing of thepivot 45.

Attached by any suitable means (not shown) to the lower end of themotive-'Huid end casting 10 and communicating' with the iiuid-chest 11therein is a governor-valvecasing 51,which is provided with the usualmotive-Huid inlet 52. Within the Valve-casing 51 is provided an innerchamber 53, which is surrounded by passages 54, which communicate withthe main supply-passages of the motive iiuid to the turbine. Agovernor-valve consisting of two head-sections 55 and 56, which areconnected by separated strips 57, is adapted to move in suitable seatsattached to an opening in the walls of the inner chamber 53.

58 is a valve-stem, one end of which is connected to the head 56 of thevalve and is provided with water-grooves 59 at the section which passesthrough a bronze bushing 60, thereby forming a suitable packing and atthe same time preventing the valve-stem from sticking in reciprocatingthrough the governor-valve-casing cover 65.

61 is a spindle-button provided with internal threads and which isadjustable by engag-l ing a corresponding threaded section on the outerend of the valve-stem 58.

62 is a bracket cast integral with governorvalve-casing cover 65, whichsupports the governor-levers 47 47 by the pivot pin or pins 63.

64 is a hood attached by bolts or other suitable expedient to the fluidend casting 10 to shield the end of the -rotary shaft and governormechanism.

rlhe manner of assembling the various parts of the governor is effectedby arranging' on the plug or rod 15 the sleeve 23, screw-collar 26,lock-nut 27, spring 36, collar 32, centrifugal weights 37, spindle 42,and the cup-shaped piece 29. After the above-enumerated parts IOO IIO

have been properly arranged and adjusted on the plug-or rod 15 thetapered end of the rod is inserted in the like corresponding central oraxial socket 13, having its tapered end 16 passing into the reducedsection 14 of the socket 13. The sleeve 23 is then turned on the end ofthe shaft 3 until one of its slots 28 correspond to the diametricalopening 2O in the shaft, which permits the retaining-pin 22 to beinserted into the openings 2O and 21 of the shaft 3 and reduced end 16of the plug or rod 15. After the insertion of the retaining'- pin 22 thesleeve 23, which is fitted to freely turn on the shaft, may be partlyturned to cover the opening 20, and when the screwcollar 26 and lock-nut27 are screwed up to engage the threads on the split or slotted end ofthe sleeve 23 the same is made to bind tightly against the shaft, andthereby firmly and securely hold the. plug or rod 15 and the rotaryparts of the governing mechanism to the end of the shaft 3.

The balanced governor-valve and valve-casing 51 are constructed so thatby means of the passage 54 the motive Huid is made to entirely surroundthe sections composing the throttle-valve, and thereby causing apressure to be exerted through the valve-stem 58 against the lower endof the governor lever or levers 47. This exerted pressure which, as willbe readily seen, is equivalent to the differences of the exposed areasof the valvesection 56 or the cross-sectional area of the valve-stem 58,tends to normally hold by means of the pivoted governor-levers 47 47 thegovernor-pivot 45 against the outer end of the rotary spindle 42, whichis fixed to the rotating governor mechanism on the turbine-shaft.

Vhen it is desired to inspect or repair the inner parts of the turbine,all that is necessary after hood 64 has been taken off is to remove thepivot-pin 63 of the governor-levers 47 47 and the retaining-pin 22, whenthe plug or rod 15 may be removed and the rotary elements comprising thegovernor may be readily slipped otf the end of the shaft withoutdisturbing the operative relations of any other section of the governormechanism, the throttle-valve, or its casing. After the rotary elementsof the governor are slipped off the end of the shaft the motive-Huid end'casting 10, having the valve-casing 51 and balanced governor-valveattached thereto, may be easily stripped olf the end of the shaft, whichmay be followed b y the other separable sections 4 of theturbine-casing' and bucket-wheels 1 1 of the rotary element.

The operation of my invention is as follows:

Assuming the parts to be arranged and adjusted in the position, asindicated in Fig. 1, the action of the motive fluid in passing from anysuitable source into supply-pipe 52, through the governor-valve casing51 and valve into the Huid-chest 11 and bymea'ns ofthe injector-nozzle 77 is made to impinge against the buckets 2 on the periphery of thewheels 1 1, thereby rapidly revolving the shaft 3. This rotary motion istransmitted to the governor- Weights 37 37, which by the action ofcentrifugal force are made to assume a position asindicated in Fig. 2.The governor-weights in being thrown out in this position cause theirextensions 38 38, which are provided with a rounded or roller-bearingsurface to react against the fiange or shoulder 31 of the fixedcupshaped piece 29. Owing to the confinement of the extensions 38 theinner or knife-edge portions 39 39 of the weights 37 37 press the collar32 against the compressible coil-spring 36. The spindle 42 being looselyinserted in the hole 4() at the end of the plug or rod 15, and therebeing a force constantly exerted to the left against the outer end ofthe spindle 42, due to the unbalanced governor-valve, as previouslydescribed, the pin 44 is pressed, by means of its valve-stem 58 andgovernor-levers 47 47, against the outer side of the annular portion 35of the collar 32. Thus it will be seen that the inner end of the spindle42 will be made to assume different positions depending on the variableautomatic adjustment of the collar 32, which is effected by the angularposition of the governor-weights 37 37, or the rotary motion of theturbine-shaft. The different longitudinal positions of the spindle 42 inturn oscillate on their pivot-pin 63, the governor-levers 47 47, whoselower ends bear against the adjustable button 61, shift thegovernor-valve, which correspondingly regulates the motive iiuid to therotary elements of the turbine, and thereby preserving' a constant andefficient speed of the turbine whether working under a maximum orminimum load.

The strength of the spring 36, which controls the action of thecentrifugal weights 37 37, can be easily adjusted by means of thescrew-collar 26 and lock-nut 27, and the position of the governor-valvewith respect to its seats and operative relation of the rotary elementsof the governor may be quickly regulated without interruption by simplyturning the button 61.

From the foregoing description of the structural features, mode ofassembling the different parts, and manner of operation it will bereadily seen I have devised a turbinegovernor in which all the parts arein perfect balance, free from sticking while in operation, and at thesame time enable the governor to be readily assembled or disconnectedfrom the turbine without the necessity of disturbing its assembledrelations.

Various changes may be made in the spe- IOO citic construction of thegovernor and its ments, as they could be modified in many ways withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention and accomplish the sameresults.

Having' now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

l. A governor for turbines or the like, comprising'a rotary shaft,asocket in the outer end of the shaft, a removable rod or plug adaptedto be seated and vsecured in the socket, centrifugal weights supportedon said removable rod or plug', a movable collar or abutment, a springreacting' against the movable collar or abutment, means for transmittingthe movement of the centrifugal weights to the movable collar orabutment, a governor-valve,and means for transn'iitting the movement ofthe movable collar or abutment to the governorvalve.

2. Agovernor for turbines orthe like, comprising' a rotary shaft, asocket in the outer end of the shaft, a removable rod or plug' adaptedto be seated and secu red in the socket, an abutment secured to theouter end of the removable rod or plug', a movable collar or abutmentsurrounding' the rotary shaft, a spring reacting' against the movablecollar or abutment, centrifugal weig'hts acting' against the abutmentsecured to the outer end of the rod or plug' and the movable collar orabutment, a governor-valve, and means for transmitting the movement ofthe movable collar or abutment to the governor-valve.

3. A g'overnor for turbines or the like, comprising a fixed rotaryshaft, a socket in the outer end of the shaft, a removable rod or plugadapted to be seated and secured in the socket, and acentrifugally-actuated controller attached to and removable with theouter end of the rod or plug'.

a. A g'overnor for turbines or the like, comprising' a fixed rotaryshaft, a socket in the outer end of the shaft, a removable rod or plug'adapted to be seated and secured in the socket, a centrifugally-actuatedcontroller attached to and removable with the outer end of the rod orplug, a governor-valve, and means for connecting' the governor-valvewith the centrifugally-actuated controller.

5. A governor for turbines or the like, comprising a fixed rotary shaft,a removable rod or plug', means for securing the rod or plug to the endof the rotary shaft, a centrifugallyactuated controller attached to andremovable with the outer end of the rod without separat-A ing itsoperative parts, a governor-valve, and means for loosely and detachablyconnecting the controller with the governor-valve.

6. A governor for turbines or the like, comprising a fixed rotary shaft,a centrifugallyactuated controller, an opposing spring' concentric withthe shaft for said controller, means for integrally carrying' thecontroller and spring, and a detachable connection between the shaft andsaid controller and spring'- carrying' means, whereby the latter may beremoved away from the end of the shaft without dismounting thecontroller or spring or disturbing the shaft.

7. A governor for turbines or the like comprising a fixed rotary shaft,a socket in the outer end of the shaft, a centrifug'ally-actuatedcontroller, means for carrying' the controller inserted in the socket,and a pin for detachably connecting the shaft and thecontroller-carrying means, the removal of said pin permitting theseparation of said shaft and controller-carrying' means and its removalaway from the end of the shaft.

8. A g'overnor for turbines or thelike, comprising' a rotary shaft, acentrifugally-actuated controller, means for carrying the controller, apin for detachably connecting the shaft and the controller-carryingmeans, a sleeve surrounding the shaft and provided with an openingregistering with said pin, and means for securing said sleeve on theshaft with the opening out of register with the pin, whereby the pin isprevented from removal by the inner walls of the sleeve.

9. A g'overnor for turbines or thelike, comprising a rotary shaft, acentrifugally-actuated pivoted controiler,a fulcr um member on which thecontroller is pivoted, a detachable connection between the fulcrummember and the shaft, a yielding collar or abutment operated by themovement of the controller, a governorvalve, and means connecting theyielding abutment and the governor-valve.

l0. Agovernorfor turbines or the like, comprising a rotary shaft, acollar or abutment, means to press the collar or abutment outward, acentrifugally actuated controller adapted to press the collar orabutment inward, and a governor-valve having a loose and detachableconnection with the collar or abutment, said valve being' operated uponby the motive Vfluid to press the abutment inward.

l1. Agovernor for turbines or the like, comprising a rotary shaft, aspring-pressed collar or abutment thereon, a centrifugally-actuatedcontroller tending' by its rotation to move the abutment against thetension of its spring', and a governoryalve having' a loose anddetachable connection with [the spring-pressed collar or abutment andalso tending' to move it against the tension of its spring'.

l2. A governor for turbines or the like, comprising a fixed rotaryshaft, a socket in the outer end of the shaft, a plug' entering' saidsocket, a centrifugally actuated controller mounted on said plug, andmeans for detachably connecting the shaft and plug whereby thecentrifugally-actuated controller may be removed from the end of thefixed shaft without disturbing' the operative relation of saidcontroller on the plug.

13. Agovernor for turbines or the like, comprising' a rotary shaft, asocket in the outer end of said shaft, a plug' entering said socket, acentrifugally-actuated controller mounted IOO IIO

on said plug, and a pin detachably connecting said shaft and plug.

14. A governor for turbines or the like, comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the end of said shaft, a plug seated in said socket, a pindetachably connecting the shaft and plug, a fulcruni member mounted onthe outer end of the plug, an adjustable sleeve surrounding the plug andhaving an opening registering with said pin, means for adjustablysecuring the sleeve on said shaft, a collar or abutment mounted on theplug between thesleeve and fulcrum member, an expansion-spring tendingto press the collar or abutment outward, centrifugal weights fulcrumedon the fulcrum member and engaging the spring-pressed collar orabutment, a governor-valve, and connections between the governor-valveand the spring-pressed collar or abutment.

15. Agovernorforturbines or thelike, comprising a rotary shaft, asocketin the outer end of said shaft, a plug detachably seated in said socket,a fulcrum member mounted on the outer end of said plug, a spring-pressedcollar or abutment loosely mounted on said plug, centrifugal weightshaving' portions engaging with the -fulcrum member and the springpressedcollar or abutment and confined therebetween by the action of thespring, a gov-r ernor valve and connections between the spring-pressedcollar or abutment and the governor-valve for controlling the supply ofmotive fluid.

16. Agovernor forturbines or thelike, comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the outer end of said shaft, a plug detachably seated in saidsocket, a spring-pressed collar or abutment on said plug', acentrifugally-actuated controller mounted on said plug and actingagainst the spring-pressed collar or abutment, a socket in the outer endof said plug, a spindle loosely seated in the socket and having apin-and-slot connection with the plug, the pin being eX- tended beyondthe surface of the plug and engaged with the spring-pressed collar orabutment, agovernor-valve, a governor-lever having a bearing for saidspindle at one end and connected with the governor-valve at the otherend, the motive fluid cooperating with the centrifugally-actuatedcontroller to op pose the spring-pressed collar or abutment.

17. A governor for turbines or the like comprising a rotary shaft, acentrifugally-actuated controller detachably mounted on said shaft, ayielding' abutment operated by the controller, a governor-valve, and adetachable and loose connection between the governor-valve and theyielding abutment to permit ready separation of the parts.

18. Agovernor for turbines or the like comprisin g a rotary shaft, acentrifugally-actuated controller detachably` mounted on said shaft, ayielding abutment operated by the controller, a governor-valve, and agovernor-lever having a detachable and loose connection with both thegovernor-valve and the yielding abutment.

19. Agovernor for' turbines or the like comprising a rotary shaft, acentrifugally-actuated controller detachably mounted on said shaft, ayielding abutment operated by the controller, a spindle engaging theabutment loosely, a governor-valve, and a governor-lever having adetachable and loose connection with both the governor-valve and saidspindle.

20. Agovernor for turbines or the like comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the end of said shaft, a plug detachably mounted in saidsocket, a yielding abutment mounted on said plug, centrifugal weightspivotally mounted on said plug and adapted to engage and operate theyielding abutment, a bore in the outer end of said plug', a spindleseated in said bore and having a pin loosely engaging said yieldingabutment, a governor-valve, and a detachable governor-lever having aloose engagement with the governor-valve at one end and having a bearingat its other end loosely receiving said spindle.

21. A governor for turbines or the like comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the end of said shaft, a plug detachably seated in saidsocket, a split sleeve surrounding said shaft and plug, a screw-threadedcollar and lock-nut for locking the sleeve on the shaft, a fulcrummember mounted on said plug, an abutment mounted on said plug, a spiralspring confined between said screw-threaded collar and said abutment.centrifugal weights pivoted on the fulcrum member and having projectionsengagin g the abutment, and connections adapted to control the motivefluid bythe operation of the centrifugal weights.

Q2. A governor for turbines or the like comprising a rotaryshaft, asocket in the end of said shaft, a plug' seated in the socket and eX-tending beyond the end of the shaft, a detachable pin passing through.the shaft and the inner end of the plug, a sleeve surrounding the shaftand plug said sleeve being provided with one or more slots at its innerend through which the pin may pass, an abutment mounted on the plug, ascrew-threaded collar andlocknut for locking the sleeve to the shaft, acoiled expansion-spring confined between the collar and the abutment,centrifugal weights mounted on the plug and engaging the abutment tocommunicate their motion thereto,a governorvalve, and means forcontrolling said valve by the movement of said centrifugal weights.

23. Agovernor for turbines or the like, comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the puter end of the shaft, a removable rod or plugV adaptedto loe seated and secured in the socket, centrifugal weights supportedon said removable rod or plug, a movable collar or abutment, a springreacting against the movable collar or abutment, means for transmittingthe movement of the centrifugal weights at two substantially diametricopposite points of the IOO -ISO

movable collar or abutment, a governor-valve, and means for transmittingtbe movement of the movable collar or abutment to the governor-valve.

24. A governor for turbines or tlie like, comprising a rotary shaft, asocket in the outer end of tbe shaft, a removable rod or plug' adaptedt0 be seated and secured in the socket, an abutment secured to the outerend of the removable rocl or plug', a movable collar or abutmentsurrounding' the rotary shaft, a spring' reacting against the movablecollar or abutment, centrifugal weights acting at one point against tbeabutment Secured to the outer end of the rod or plug and at twosubstantially diametric opposite points of the movable collar orabutment, a governor-valve, and means for transmittingtlie movement ofthe movable collar or abutment to the governor-valve.

25. A governor for turbines or the like, comprisinga rotary shaft, asocket in tbe outer end of the shaft, a removable rod or plug adapted tobe seated and secured in the socket, an abutment secured to tbe outerend of the removable rod or plug, a movable collar or abutmentsurrounding the rotary shaft, a spring concentric with the shaft andreacting against the movable collar or abutment, centrifugal Weightsacting' at one point against the abutment secured to the outer end o't'tbe rod o1' plug and at two substantiallyT diametric 0pposite points ofthe movable collar or abutment, a governor-valve, and means for transmitting the movement of tbe movable collar or abutment to thegovernor-valve.

In testimony whereof l. afx my sign ature in presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES V. KEER.

Vitnesses:

WM. D. APPLEBEE, E. A. RATHBUN.

